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The main objective of our work will be to present a comprehensive technical evaluation of our athlete in the technical gesture in question, with the aim of improving and applying a series of technical corrections that can improve the execution, effectiveness and efficiency of the motor gesture, in order to improve sports performance.
The technical gesture to be analyzed will be the load, belonging to the sporting specialty of weightlifting, as well as being used as an element of preparation in many sports. Movement is a high-power lifting technique in which speed plays a decisive role in achieving high performance. One of the most important objectives in preparing weightlifters in weightlifting is to prepare them to be able to generate as much force as possible at the highest possible speed and amount of movement.
For the development of our analysis, knowledge of the temporal phases of the movement in question will also be of vital importance:
"The goal is that lifts generate a high level of muscle power during lifting, as well as an effective transfer of this power to the bar in a limited time, less than 1 second" (Garhammer, 1993).
We can classify this engine according to the following characteristics:
It consists of an elementary acyclic manifestation of speed (only one movement is made), in which the applied force has only one function.
As far as the involvement of the elements of the body is concerned, we find a global involvement, in which a large number of muscle groups intervene to try to apply as much force as possible thanks to the application of the kinetic chain (lower train - upper train) in order to raise the bar as much as possible.
Description of the technical action:
1) Glueing and gripping the bar (starting position)
- Feet under the bar (projection of the bar on the thumb).
- Hip width and slight external rotation
- Rear elongation, front view, raised chest
- Shoulders slightly ahead of the bar
- Taking the load depends on the comfort of the athlete
2) Pull
- 1st Shooting
-From the ground to the knees
-"The first thing to stand is the chest."
-The bar must not detach from the body
-Keep the same hip angle and the same extension on the torso.
- 2nd Shooting
-Energetic leg and hip extension (change of pace)
-Vertical trunk, slightly hyperextended.
-Trapeze work, without bending the elbow.
- 3rd Pull (main): Try to apply as much force as possible by applying the kinetic chain (lower train - upper train) to raise the bar as much as possible.
-Shoulders and elbows pull vigorously on the bar
-Exciting elbows pointing "to the ceiling."
-always after the maximum extension of the knee, hip and trunk
3) Input
- The elbows move at maximum forward speed to receive the boom, looking for the most stable possible rack position
- Lowering the trunk under the bar by bending the knees and moving the feet sideways
- Vertical trunk, front view, rear extension
4) Reception (main): move the body to the vertical line under the bar as quickly as possible, in order to intercept the bar in the "anchor" position, drawing a line as vertical as possible.
5) Recovery
Observable variables in technical action
For our evaluation and subsequent technical application, we will be interested in taking images both on the frontal and lateral plane of the 5 phases that make up the movement to be analyzed. In addition, we will give particular emphasis to the "key" phases of the movement, such as the 3rd shot and the entrance, as described above. Variables:
- Acceleration: we speak of fast force; its main function will be to reach the maximum possible speed of the load at the right moment and to reach it in the shortest possible time. In our survey we have highlighted 2 important points of acceleration:
o A) In the initial phase 1, just when the mobile phone (bar) is taken off the ground
or B) In step 3 "1st final throw", just when the cabinet (bar) passes the knees where there is a sudden change of acceleration, in order to reach the maximum possible travel speed as quickly as possible.
- Maximum speed: reached after the global acyclic acceleration described above. We must reach the maximum possible execution speed in the appropriate time phase of the movement, which should take place in phase 4 "end of 2nd shot". We could say that the speed at which the lift is able to move the bar has a decisive influence on achieving high levels of mechanical efficiency.
- Rapid force: at the critical point of the movement (1st and 2nd shot) the maximum force must be applied as quickly as possible.
Appliances and instruments used:
For the measurement and subsequent evaluation of the events described above, we propose a kinematic analysis through 3D photogrammetry. We will use a model of the human body of the lift as well as the mobile body (bar) and we will mark in both a series of reference points where we will observe a series of changes in each of the phases of the movement we will analyze. The images will be processed and analyzed through the "KINOVEA" software that will allow us to carry out the kinematic analysis and obtain data related to position, speed and acceleration.
Protocol and analysis:
Images will be taken simultaneously on a lateral plane in each of the proposed variables. In addition, the values recorded by the athlete will be compared with the "champion" model, in this case comparing it with an elite athlete of equal height and body weight. With this data, we will compare the positioning in all phases, as well as the degrees of angle of the main junction groups participating in the motor gesture, making a comparison between both, as well as with the values of acceleration and speed.
Comparison between elite and amateur sports models.
1) Take-off phase:
- Hip foot width YES/NO
- Shoulders on YES/NO bar
- Bar above toes YES/NO
2) Stage 1 shooting:
- Shoulders forward YES/NO
- Arms straight YES/NO
- Knees are late YES/NO (Not enough)
3) Second traction phase:
- Shoulders in front and above the bar YES/NO
- Feet: heels supported YES/NO
- Arms straight YES/NO
4) Final stage 2nd traction:
- Shoulders slightly behind the bar YES/NO
- Feet: support on toes YES/NO
- Arms start flexing YES/NO
- Hip forward, raised in front of shoulders YES/NO
*? Comment: we have observed a marked hyperextension of the trunk and at cervical level *?
5) Reception stage:
- Straight back YES/NO
- Low hip YES/NO
- Reception with raised elbows YES/NO
6) Recovery phase
- Finish, full knee and hip extension YES/NO
-Maximum vertical speed of the boom during the ascent phase.
*Comments: we observed a lower speed in the final phase of the second shot in the amateur athlete, accompanied by poor technical execution in the final phase of the movement (it is detailed in question 3 in the score sheet), causing a decrease in performance. As Professor Badillo states: "The best lifts are obtained with a considerable application of force in the first phase and a maximum in the second". Gonzalez Badillo. 1999
-Speed on the "flank line" in the ascent and descent phases of the movement.
In the amateur athlete there is an excessive final extension when he should already be preparing for the descent phase, which will cause a loss of control of the position and the cabinet (bar).
-Bar:
Ideal trajectory model when loaded
Comments: In the amateur sportsman we observe a trajectory too straight. This is very common among beginner athletes because of the great muscle strength they possess in relation to the weights they lift, on which they rely because of the complexity of the S-shaped trajectory coordination.
Conclusions
The results of this analysis are important data in relation to the technical performance shown by the athletes during the test and the processing of the analysis of the same, in which it was observed that the best results were obtained by the athlete of higher competitive level and with more experience, which assumes that a more refined technique and within the parameters suggested in this work can generate a much higher performance. In the same way, it was observed that the lowest results were obtained by the amateur athlete, in addition to presenting some technical defects that refer to the reduction in speed and maximum height reached with respect to the suggested parameters, which denotes and gives reason to justify the carrying out of this type of studies to improve performance more and more through the improvement of technique.
Recommendations: apply the corrections provided for in the technological programme used to improve the teaching, evaluation and technical correction work, outsource the importance of the correct execution of movements for the maintenance of the technique and reduce the factors that cause technical errors and, consequently, the loss of performance.
REFERENCES:
1. Bayer. C. Technique: The formation of the player. Spanish-European. 1987. Barcelona.
2. García, J.M.; Navarro, M, Ruiz, J.A. Test for the evaluation of motor skills in sport. Ed. Gymnos. Madrid. 1996.
3. González-Badillo, J.J. (1991). Weightlifting. Madrid. C.O.E.
González-Badillo, J.J. "EL TRAINING DE LA FUERZA PARA NIÑOS Y JÓVENES: PAUTAS PARA SU DESARROLLO". Athletic Notebook. 2010.
5. González Badillo, J.J. Article: "El hoy de la Fuerza". Athletic Notebook. 2010.
6. Left M. Echeverria. J. (2016). Notes master High performance sports Spanish Olympic Committee Spanish high performance. "Applications and evaluation of sports technique"
7. Ricardo Mirella (2000) The new methods of strength, endurance, speed and flexibility training. PAIDOTRIBO.
8. Martin Steel. R. (2016). Notes master High performance sports Spanish Olympic Committee. "Training Methodology for Speed Development".
Article: Javier González. The impulse programme
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